As many readers of New Localism know, I have grown increasingly concerned over the past few years about the narrow scope of federal investments that are now flowing through the U.S. The use of the term “narrow” may seem odd, given the unprecedented volume of federal funding for investments in infrastructure, climate, manufacturing, and innovation. This funding is long overdue and has the potential to accelerate the transition of our economy to a more inclusive and sustainable future.
The fact is, however, that the federal government has over-indexed on investments in nation-building and under-indexed on investments in community-building. There is relatively little new funding for a wide range of activities that are critical to urban, metropolitan, and rural prosperity — affordable housing, downtown revival, and and commercial corridor regeneration, just to name a few.
Communities must get creative and partner with private funders to make the math work for the projects they deem important — Jonathan Tower.
What this means is that there is an enormous need for innovation in project finance. Many block-and-tackle community projects require complex capital stacks that combine multiple types of public, private, and philanthropic resources. Such financial partnerships are often difficult to build and steward, and unfortunately, the number of institutions and investors comfortable with such partnerships are few and far between.
To that end, it was a privilege to chat with Jonathan Tower, the founder of Arctaris Impact Investors. I first met Jonathan four or so years ago, when a broad network of financiers, developers and city leaders were trying to make the most out of Opportunity Zones. I was impressed then by Jonathan’s creativity and commitment, and continue to believe that his firm is at the cutting edge of financial innovation.
Bruce Katz: Jonathan, thank you for joining me today. To bring all our readers up to speed, can you tell me a little about Arctaris?
Jonathan Tower: Arctaris was founded in 2009 with a commitment to investing in underserved communities nationally. Since then, Arctaris has partnered with the Kresge Foundation, the Institute for a Competitive Inner City and other government and foundation partners to create a series of impact funds that deploy more than $100 million annually into community revitalization projects. Today, Arctaris is the largest manager of impact-focused Opportunity Zone funds and, also, is a Community Development Entity certified by the U.S. Department of Treasury.
At its most basic level, the model is simple: If a local government, foundation, or other partner is willing to co-invest and accept additional risk, Arctaris will bring considerable private capital to invest in local businesses, real estate, and infrastructure. The investment criteria are co-created with the community co-investor, often including stipulations regarding job creation, investments in minority- and women-owned businesses, and other impact requirements. The investment and impact structure vary to fit the needs of the community and evolve based on market conditions and public incentives.
We’ve created this visual to illustrate how we use public and philanthropic resources to leverage private investments:
Walk us through a few examples of Arctaris’ investments.
Perhaps our most high-profile investment is in downtown Erie, PA. Erie Insurance, the city’s largest private employer, wanted to re-invest its dollars into the community (while still achieving market-level returns). So, we worked with the Erie Community Foundation to raise $5 million of “last-money-out” capital. With that investment, we were then able to comfortably raise capital from Erie Insurance and other Opportunity Zone investors to create an Arctaris-Erie program that has committed $52 million to the city.
We then took this combined funding and have been able to bring about large-scale revitalization in Perry Square, the heart of the city’s historic downtown. The fund has enabled the Erie Downtown Development Corporation (“EDDC”) to preserve and repurpose eight historic buildings for a food hall, a grocery store in a food desert, and new housing. These activities have helped build significant development momentum in the city and spurred local public, private, and civic leaders to make and prioritize a broader set of investments in the city through an Investment Playbook.
The fact is that the federal government has over-indexed on investments in nation building and under-indexed on investments in community building.
The success of the fund in Erie, PA was made possible by a set of other policy and implementation changes, including the creation of a new, non-profit development corporation (EDDC), which was modeled after 3CDC in Cincinnati’s Over-the-Rhine neighborhood.
The Erie work illustrates the power of local networks: For Arctaris’ model to have the largest impact, local leaders must organize to deliver aligned programs, policies, and investments.
The Erie investment is a game changer. What are other flagship investments?
Arctaris provided $8.5 million of capital to invest in manufacturing, healthcare, and industrial companies in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, (Greater Cleveland) with a focus on minority-owned businesses. For example, Arctaris provided a $2.2 million investment to the minority-owned construction and paving company Specialized Construction Inc. which is now helping provide many of the infrastructure upgrades to roads across the state. For this fund, Arctaris worked with the Cuyahoga County Council and the Cleveland Foundation, which provided capital in the form of “last-money-out” capital, grants, and market-rate investment.
We also work at the state level. In 2014, Arctaris worked with regional partners in Michigan to raise a $32 million fund, focused on investing in companies with high potential for creating living wage jobs in low-income communities. For these investments, Arctaris worked with the State of Michigan and the U.S. Treasury Department to provide 4x matching private capital to supplement the state’s allocation of funding from the U.S. State Small Business Credit Initiative.
The fund ultimately invested in 10 companies, primarily automotive and advanced manufacturing businesses, and created or retained over 600 jobs. Many of these investments had other important effects as well. For example, Arctaris’ investment in AEL Span, a certified MBE with 100 percent BIPOC senior management, was able to retain over 200 jobs despite challenging headwinds in the automotive industry.
What’s interesting about your work is that it spans sectors, with investments in mixed-use facilities, housing and operating businesses. How does all this add up?
Arctaris’ unique approach to financing is especially useful to communities in the current context for several reasons.
First, it is catalytic. It takes an investment from a public or philanthropic partner and leverages it to provide 4x or more capital to communities and projects that have often been excluded from financing opportunities. This allows for localities not only to bring dollars to the projects that most need them but to do it at a far greater scale than they could alone.
This “multiplier effect” applies not only to strictly financial measures, either. Arctaris maintains an active role in the community beyond its financial investments and seeks further opportunities to create impact. In many cases, the public-private investments catalyzed by Arctaris spark more ambitious economic development efforts. In addition to Erie, PA, as previously mentioned, Arctaris’ investment in Saddleback Mountain in Rangeley, Maine, jumpstarted an array of new public and private investments, ranging from affordable housing for 85 residents to a 7MW solar farm that generates twice the power consumed by the entire mountain.
Second, it goes where other money can’t. Arctaris’ financing can address places where federal or other public dollars fall short. In the current context, this is especially important in housing, where the federal government has not made new investments of the same scale as those in infrastructure, manufacturing, and climate.
In sectors where federal funding is sparse, communities must get creative and partner with private funders to make the math work for the projects they deem important. — Jonathan Tower
Third, Arctaris provides capacity in execution that local entities may not have to ensure that dollars are smartly managed and invested. In many places, Arctaris hires local staff to support the rollout of its funds. Arctaris’ model also doesn’t require the same hassle that legacy federal tax incentives like NMTCs and LIHTCs carry, making the process easier and smoother for local partners.
Finally, Arctaris offers tailored Investment criteria and a willingness to innovate. Arctaris works with local program partners to design specific impact criteria for investments, which can range from requirements around diversity in business ownership to targeting of especially low-income neighborhoods to support for an economically important but nascent local industry cluster.
Arctaris is also flexible in how it structures its local funds: it can work with public, private, and philanthropic entities with co-investments structured as grants (e.g., philanthropy and ARPA funds), PRI investments (foundations), or equity capital (e.g., CDFIs). Arctaris can work within existing programs, like the American Rescue Plan Act or the State Small Business Credit Initiative, or work with partners to create new funding mechanisms.
Where do you go next?
The current federal funding climate, while solving some problems for localities, has created others. In sectors where federal funding is sparse, communities must get creative and partner with private funders to make the math work for the projects they deem important. We are actively looking for the right government, corporate and philanthropic actors at the local level to create partnerships that maximize the potential for social and economic impact. We see our funding as a catalyst for additional public, private and civic investment as well as municipal tax generation.
We believe this is an exciting moment and look forward to working with more communities across the country.
Bruce Katz is the founding director of the Nowak Metro Finance Lab at Drexel University.
